LINEAR ALGEBRA IN NUMPY

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In this tutorial, we are going to learn about the linear algebra in numpy and explore methods like dot, vdot, inner, matmul etc. We will be looking at some handy examples to understand these methods in more depth.



What is Linear Algebra?

Linear Algebra is the study of linear equations and their properties in mathematics. It is widely used in engineering mainly covering subjects like Physics and Mathematics. You can view the full reference of Linear Algebra here

What is linear algebra in Numpy?

Numpy has a built in linear algebra module which is used for doing linear algebra. Let’s look at some of the functions of linear algebra.

numpy-linear

Dot function in Numpy

This function returns the scalar dot product of two arrays. This function is similar to the matrix multiplication Let’s look at a quick example to understand more in detail:

dotproduct

In order to understand dot product multiplication, view this tutorial here. Let’s look at a numpy example here:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[10,20],[30,40]])  
y = np.array([[10,20],[30,40]]) 

print(x)
print(y)

print(np.dot(x,y))

Output:

[[10 20]
 [30 40]]
[[10 20]
 [30 40]]
[[ 700 1000]
 [1500 2200]]



V-Dot function in Numpy

This function returns the vector dot product of two arrays. This function is similar to the matrix multiplication. Let’s look at a quick example to understand more in detail:

import numpy as np

x = np.array([[10,20],[30,40]])  
y = np.array([[10,20],[30,40]]) 

print(x)
print(y)

print(np.vdot(x,y))

Output:

[[10 20]
 [30 40]]
[[10 20]
 [30 40]]
3000

Inner function in Numpy

This function gives the product of single dimensional arrays. For more dimensions, this function returns the sum of product of elements over the last axis. For example:

import numpy as np
print(np.inner(np.array([10,20,30]),np.array([0,10,0])))

Output:

200

Matmul Function in Numpy

This function is used for multiplying two matrices. If two shapes of the matrices aren’t the same then an error will erupt. Let’s have an example:

import numpy as np
x = [[2,4],[2,3]]
y = [[5,6],[4,1]]
print(np.matmul(x,y))

Output:

[[26 16]
[22 15]]



Determinant function in Numpy

The determinant function is used to perform calculations diagonally in a matrix. The linalg.set() is used for calculating the determinant of a matrix. Let’s look at an example:

import numpy as np  
arr = np.array([[10,20],[30,40]])  
print(np.linalg.det(arr))

Output:

-200.0000000000001

Linear Algebra Solve in Numpy

This method is used for solving an algebraic quadratic equation where we provide values in the form of a matrix. For example:

linear matrix



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